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Objective To investigate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and related knowledge and behavior among special population in Changzhou City,so as to provide the evidence for formulating effective measures of toxoplasmosis prevention. Methods The pregnant women and patients with neoplasia in Changzhou hospitals,and livestock and poultry breeding or processing workers were selected as the subjects of the study. Venous blood samples were collected from each partici-pant for detecting IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii by ELISA. A questionnaire investigation on knowledge and behavior about T. gondii infection was conducted. Results Among the total 300 respondents investigated from March to May,2015,the prevalence of T. gondii infection was 16.3％(49/300). Totally 52 respondents knew the knowledge about the prevention and con-trol of T. gondii infection with an awareness rate of 17.3％(52/300). The proportion of participants who frequently contacted with cats/dogs(25.0％,13/52)in the group who knew the knowledge about the prevention and control of T. gondii infection was lower than that of participants(50.8％,126/248)in the group who did not know the knowledge about the prevention and control of T. gondii infection,and the difference was statistically significant(X2=11.51,P<0.05). The proportion of participants sepa-rating chopping boards for raw and cooked food(61.5％,32/52)in the group who knew the knowledge about the prevention and control of T. gondii infection was statistically higher than that of the participants(9.3％,23/248)in the group who did not know the knowledge about the prevention and control of T. gondii infection,and the difference was statistically significant (X2=78.43,P<0.001). There was a negative correlation between the awareness rate of the knowledge about the prevention and con-trol of T. gondii infection and the infection rate of T. gondii. The infection rate of T. gondii(5.8％,3/52)in the group who knew the knowledge about the prevention and control of T. gondii infection was lower than that(18.5％,46/248)of the group who did not know the knowledge about the prevention and control of T. gondii infection,and the difference was statistically significant (X2=5.14,P<0.05). Conclusions The awareness rate of the knowledge about the prevention and control of T. gondii infec-tion among special population in Changzhou City is low. The health education on the knowledge of the prevention and control of toxoplasmosis should be strengthened,in order to improve the awareness of personal hygiene and change the unhealthy lifestyles and dietary habits.
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Objective To study the value of video EEG combined with MRI in the diagnosis of intractable epilepsy.Methods40 patients with intractable epilepsy treated in our hospital from 2013 to 2015 were selected as the subjects.In 40 patients, 26 patients with hippocampal sclerosis, 2 cases of patients with temporal lobe atrophy with cerebral dysplasia, 4 cases of patients with cerebral gray matter and macrogyria, 3 cases of vascular malformation, 1 cases of patients with intracerebral cyst, 2 cases of patients with glioma, 2 cases of patients with traumatic epilepsy.Retrospective of The clinical data of the selected patients were analyzed and the manifestations of epileptic foci were reflected by MRI, The use of video EEG was used to detect the status and source of EEG during epileptic seizure and epilepsy Analysis, combined with MRI scan and video EEG results, control surgery pathological changes, analysis of the results, draw conclusions.ResultsThere were 21 cases of the accurate location of interictal EEG.The accuracy was 52.5%, and the accuracy of the location of epileptogenic foci was about 40, and the accuracy was about 100%.The accuracy of MRI in the diagnosis of epileptic foci and related lesions was 35 cases, the accuracy rate was 87.5%, and the number of lesions was qualitative and accurate in the case of 30 cases, with an accuracy rate of 75%.ConclusionVideo EEG combined with MRI examination for drug refractory epilepsy diagnosis has important clinical value, can make a more accurate diagnosis of patients with epileptogenic foci, provide information for surgical treatment of intractable epilepsy patients, with further clinical promotion and application significance.
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Objective To explore the absorption characteristics and mechanism of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated transport of oleanolicacid (OA)across membrane in vitro.Methods The intake and transport of OA were evaluated by an HPLC/MS quantitative detection method.Safe concentration range of OA was determined by MTT.The effect of different drug concentration,incubation time,pH and temperature on the intake of OA by Caco-2 cells were investigated.The effect of P-gp inhibitor on the transmembrane transport of OA was investigated by the Caco-2 cell monolayer model,and the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) was calculated.Results The uptake of O A was concentration-time dependent and correlated negatively to temperaturein Caco-2 cells within the safe concentration range,but was not significantly affected by pH value.Compared with controls,the Papp significantly changed when the P-gp inhibitor was added to the model(P ＜ 0.05).The apparent permeability ratio decreased from 2.90 to 0.95.Conclusion The absorption of OA was primarily by passive diffusion and might be mediated by the effiux by P-gp.
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Objective To assess the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at different frequencies on behavioral and psychological symptoms and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Methods Seventy-two patients were randomly divided into a high frequency group,a low frequency group and a control group (n =24 for each),and given 10 Hz,1 Hz or sham rTMS over the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at an intensity was 80％ of each patient's movement threshold.The stimulation was for 30 min a day,five days a week.During the 4 weeks of treatment,risperidone was used at a fixed dose of 1 mg per day for all patients.Before and after the treatment,all 3 groups were assessed using the behavioral pathology in Alzheimer's disease rating scale (BEHAVE-AD) and the mini-mental state examination (MMSE).Results Two weeks after the treatment,the average BEHAVE-AD score of the high frequency group had decreased significantly from (16.75±6.26) to (13.84± 6.10),significantly lower than the low frequency and the control groups' averages.Two weeks later,the average BEHAVE-AD scores of the 3 groups were significantly lower than before the treatment,but the decrease of the high frequency group was of significantly greater compared to the other 2 groups.Four weeks after the treatment the average MMSE score of the high frequency group was significantly better than before the treatment (P＜0.01),and better than the low frequency and the control group's averages.The effectiveness rates of the high frequency group,the low frequency group and the control group were 88％,58％ and 54％ respectively,all significantly different.Conclusion High frequency (10 Hz) rTMS combined with risperidone can improve the behavioral and psychological symptoms and cognitive function of AD patients,while low frequency (1Hz) rTMS does not have obvious effects.
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Objective To predict the value of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the risk and severity of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients.Methods Totally 120 cases were divided into 3 groups.Group A had no diabetes mellitus (DM) and no coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD).Group B had DM without CAD.Group C had DM with CAD.The levels of AGEs,low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),glycosylated hemoglobin,and the severity of coronary stenosis were detected.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the sensitivities and specificities of AGEs for the diagnosis of DM with CAD.Results The highest level of AGEs,LDL-C,glycosylated hemoglobin and carotid plaque was in the C group,with a statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The severity of AGEs was significantly correlated with the severity of CAD and the Gensini score of AGEs (r =0.445).ROC curve showed that the sensitivity,specificity and area under ROC curve of AGEs determination of DM with CAD were 80.0％,75.0％,and 0.86,respectivity.Conclusions The level of AGEs is significantly correlated with atherosclerosis and prognosis in DM.The severity of CAD was higher in the patients with higher AGEs,and the incidence and severity of restenosis increased.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and related factors among special popu?lation in Changzhou City,so as to provide the evidence for formulating toxoplasmosis prevention measures. Methods The ve?nous blood was collected from participants in Changzhou City for detecting IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii by ELISA;and an epidemiological questionnaire investigation was also conducted. Results Among the total 400 respondents detected,the prevalence of T. gondii infection was 15.0%and the positive rates of IgG and IgM were 15.0%and 0.8%,respectively. The T. gondii infection rates of pregnant women,HIV/AIDS patients,patients with neoplasia,and livestock and poultry breeding and processing workers were 11.0%,11.0%,24.0%and 14.0%,respectively. As the age increased,the infection rate of T. gondii showed an upward trend,with the highest infection rate(21.6%)among the group of respondents aged above 50 years. The in?fection rates of groups with different education levels were statistically different(χ2=11.443,P<0.05),and there was a trend that the infection rate decreased with the increase of education level. The prevalence of T. gondii infection in pregnant women was not significantly associated with the number of pregnancies and gestational age. The infection rate of T. gondii in the live?stock and poultry breeding and processing workers increased with the length of their working years. Conclusions The preva?lence of T. gondii infection among the special population in Changzhou City is high. Therefore,it is necessary to enhance the health education on the knowledge and information of prevention and control of toxoplasmosis,and to improve the awareness of personal protection,the hygiene practices and diet habits. In addition,more attention should be paid to T. gondii monitoring in the special population.
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Objective To analyze risk factors for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in inpatients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A total of 930 inpatients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the study and grouped according to different levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),albuminuria,and diabetic retinopathy.Logistic regression analysis was adopted to explore the risk factors for DKD in inpatients with type 2 diabetes.Results (1) The prevalence of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was increased with declining eGFR (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The prevalences of DKD and non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were 22.26％ and 8.92％,respectively.Compared with patients with NDRD,patients with DKD had longer diabetic duration,higher levels of systolic blood pressure,serum creatinine,and urinary albumin excretion,and lower levels of hemoglobin[(125.40 ± 21.95 vs 138.18 ± 19.67) g/L],serum albumin[(37.45 ± 5.54 vs 40.55 ± 3.55) g/L],and eGFR[(89.66 (59.10-108.25) vs 103.15 (85.39-114.88) ml · min-1 · (1.73 m2)-1,all P＜0.05].(3) Logistic regression analysis showed that age,diabetic duration,systolic blood pressure,serum uric acid,diabetic retinopathy,and hypertension are the independent risk factors for diabetic kidney disease in inpatients with type 2 diabetes,while serum albumin was the protective factor (all P＜0.01).Conclusions A variety of clinic risk factors were associated with DKD.Better control of blood pressure,serum uric acid,and hypoalbuminemia should be performed to delay the progress of DKD.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the methylation status of TMS1 gene and its demethylation by arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) in K562 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>K562 cells were treated with different concentrations of As₂O₃ for 48 hours. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was used to determine the methylation status of TMS1. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the levels of TMS1 mRNA and protein. TMS1 associated apoptosis proteins Bcl-2/Bax were also analyzed by Western blot. Apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry using Annexin V/propium iodide (PI) double staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TMS1 gene was completely methylated in K562 cells and the levels of TMS1 mRNA and protein were low (0.01±0.01, 0.09±0.02), which could be reversed (mRNA: 0.72±0.04; protein: 1.30±0.06; P<0.01) by 2 μmol/L As2O3 via overt demethylation of TMS1 gene. Apoptosis in experiment group (12.24±1.06) was significantly higher than that in control group (2.05±0.16, P<0.05). In experiment group, the down-expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and up-expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax led to an obvious decline ratio of Bcl-2/Bax (0.56±0.12), as compared to the control group (1.94±0.14, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As₂O₃ could up-regulate TMS1 gene expression by reversing its hypermethylation and induced apoptosis by down-regulation of Bcl-2/Bax ratio in K562 cells.</p>
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Humans , Apoptosis , Arsenicals , Pharmacology , CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins , Cytoskeletal Proteins , Metabolism , DNA Methylation , Down-Regulation , Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic , K562 Cells , Oxides , Pharmacology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , Metabolism , bcl-2-Associated X Protein , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To develop a Quick Cognitive Screening Scale for Elder(QCSS-E) and examine its reliability and validity.Methods In the light of rating model of MMSE and MoCA,a screening scale was developed to assess cognitive function,which contained 47 items across twelve domains.Five hundred community subjects were interviewed with the QCSS-E,then 150 subjects were retested after two weeks,and 75 subjects were assessed with MMSE and CCAS.The test-retest reliability,internal consistency reliability,empirical validity and constmct validity of QCSS-E were calculated.Results The test-retest reliability and Cronbach's α coefficient were 0.972 and 0.814 for QCSS-E total score,0.656-0.911 and 0.679-0.746 for domain scores.There were low to moderate correlation of 0.133-0.612 among domain scores,correlation domain scores with total score ranged from 0.303-0.664.QCSS-E scores decreased with increasing agc,increased with the level of education increasing,and decreased with the aggravation of brain damage.The QCSS-E was significantly correlated with MMSE(r=0.886) and CCAS (r=0.899).Factor analysis got two factors accounting for 49.4％ of variance,which were named vulnerability factor and resistance to damage factor.Conclusion The stability,internal consistency,and validity of the QCSS-E are good and meet with psychometric standard.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in first-degree relatives of patients with affective disorders,and to evaluate the risk of AD in first-degree relatives of the patients with affective disorders.Methods Patients with affective disorders meeting DSM-Ⅳ-TR criteria (affective disorders group) and their healthy spouses (conrol group) were recruited in this study (n=109 each).The first-degree relatives inclusion criteria were biological relatives of both probands aged over 55 years.Subjects were investigated by neuropsychological assessment,imaging and clinical examinations,and were diagnosed as AD according to the criteria of the United States of America neuropathy language disorders and stroke research institute and Alzheimer's disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA).Results 284 first-degree biological relatives of affective disorders patients and 274 first-degree relatives of control group were selected.There were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics of the first-degree relatives between the two groups.The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in the first-degree relatives had a significant difference between affective disorders group and control group [10.6％ (30/284) vs.4.4％ (12/ 274),x2=7.47,P=0.006].The prevalence of AD in the first-degree relatives was higher in bipolar disorder and depressive disorder patients than in control group [11.2％ (14/125) vs.4.4％(12/274),20.0％ (15/75) vs.4.4％(12/274),x2=6.80,20.56,OR=2.60,4.63,both P＜0.05],while there was no significant difference in the prevalence of AD in the first-degree relatives between mania patients and control group [1.1％ (1/87) vs.4.4％ (12/274),x2 =1.99,P＞0.05].Conclusions There is a high risk for Alzheimer' s disease in first-degree relatives of patients with affective disorders,particularly in first-degree relatives of patients with depression and bipolar disorders.
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Objective To investigate the effects of fluoxetine and pyrrolidine dithidarbamate (PDTC) on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced interleukine-6(IL-6) release in cultured rat astrocytes.Methods The purified astrocytes were cultured in 48-well tissue culture plate and classified into control group,LPS group,fiuoxetine group and PDTC group.Control group and LPS group were cultured as usual,and fluoxetine group and PDTC group were cultured with fluoxetine or PDTC at different concentrations for 48 hours,and then LPS group,Fluoxetine group and PDTC group were incubated with 1 ug/ml LPS for 24 hours.Finally,the levels of IL-6 in the cell supernatant were detected by enzymatic linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results The level of IL-6 in LPS group ((1975.46 ± 171.54) pg/ml) was significantly higher than that in control group((10633 ± 782.15)pg/ml) (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of IL-6 were (6198.6 ± 379.4) pg/ml,(4973.6 ± 132.5) pg/ml and (4747.9 ±473.9) pg/ml respectively when the concentrations of fluoxetine were 10 μM,20 μM and 40 μM,and (4821.6 ±180.8) pg/ml,(4735.7 ±620.0)pg/ml and (3525.9 ± 240.0)pg/ml respectively when the concentrations of PDTC were 100 μM,150 μM and 200 μM.There was significant difference in the levels of IL-6 between LPS group and fluoxetine group (P ＜ 0.05),as well as between LPS group and fluoxetine group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion LPS can induce IL-6 release from astrocytes,while fluoxetine or PDTC at some concentrations can suppress LPS-induced IL-6 release.
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Objective To explore the influence of studying in the elderly university on the cognitive function for elderly. Methods Elderly university group (EUG) was consised of 105 subjects aged ≥60 who studied in the elderly university for one year. Controlled group(CG) was consisted of 105 elderly over 60 years of age who were siblings for subjects and would not studied in elderly university. Meanwhile, it was excluded if they were working. Two groups were excluded depression patients before study. The assessment tools were composed of Center for epidemiological survey of depression scale (CES-D), activity of daily living scale(ADL), mini-mental state examination (MMSE)and Wechsler's adult intelligence scale(WAIS). There were no significant statistics difference in scales of CES-D, ADL, MMSE and WAIS between two groups. Results There were no significant statistics difference of CES-D, ADL and MMSE between two groups after a year, however, the scales of ADL for controlled group after one year was higher than that before one year( t = 2. 191, P = 0.031 ). The MMSE mark shows one(0.95% )sustain cognitive impairment in EUG after one year; meanwhile there were six elders of (5.77%)come up to critical value of cognitive impairment in CG, the difference was almost statistical significance (P=0. 058 ). The WAIS mark demonstrated the total scale, VQ scale and PQ scale was declining. The score of total scale and perform scale of WAIS in CG were (110.3 ±8.2 )and (110.9 ±7.7) respectively. The score of total scale and perform scale of WAIS in CG were ( 107.8 ± 9.6 ) and ( 107.9 ± 13.4 ) respectively. There were significant difference between two groups(P=0. 044, P=0. 049). Furthermore, after one year the score of total scale of WAIS in CG( 110. 6 ± 7.4 ) outstanding be lower than that one year ago(P = 0. 022 ). There was no significant means for the total scale , verbal scale and perform scale of WAIS in CEG before and after year.Conclusion The program of continue education may play a positive role to stay or to improve the descending of the cognitive function in the elderly.
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Objective: To evaluate the impairment of semantic memory in Alzheimer's disease.Methods: 22 Alzheimer's disease patients were examined by means of a longitudinal study and compared with 22 normal elders.Two semantic tasks,lexical decision task and semantic knowledge task were used,to evaluate the integrity of the same concepts.Results: In each session,the MMSE scores of the Alzheimer's disease group were significantly worse(P
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Object To study the reactivation of neferine (Nef) and pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM?Cl) on mice brain cholinestrase (ChE) inhibited by organophosphate. Methods Micro-DTNB method was used to determine the ChE activity of mice brain inhibited by DDVP in vitro and in vivo, then the inhibitory effect of DDVP (0.001-0.03 mg/L) on mice brain ChE in vitro was observed. The reactivative effect of Nef and 2-PAM?Cl on brain ChE of poisoned mice with DDVP in vivo and in vitro was compared. Results In vitro, the inhibitory effect of DDVP at different concentrations on mice brain ChE showed a concentration-effect relationship. The IC_(50) was 0.003 mg/L. The reactivative effect of Nef (2.4, 4.8 mg/L) and 2-PAM?Cl (5, 12.5 mg/L) on brain ChE inhibited by DDVP (0.02 mg/L) enhanced with increasing their concentrations. In vivo, after 30 min of treated with DDVP (10 mg/L, sc), the mice were given (ip) with Nef (15, 30 mg/kg) or 2-PAM?Cl (25, 50 mg/kg), respectively. The ChE activity rate in these two treated groups were (41.6?10.9) %, (56.5?12.4) % and (24.1?14.3) %, (28.4?11.9) %, respectively. The difference between poisoned group (sc DDVP) and Nef treated group was significant (P0.05). Conclusion The results suggest that Nef have a more remarkable reactivative effect on inhibited brain ChE in vitro and in vivo than 2-PAM?Cl. This may be contributed to that Nef can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
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Aim An HPLC method was established for the study on pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of oxaprozin enteric tablet in healthy volunteers.Methods The oxaprozin in plasma was determined using HPLC method following a single oral dose of 400 mg of oxaprozin given respectively to 18 healthy male volunteers in an open randomized crossover design.The pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were calculated to evaluate the bioequivalence of 2 preparations.Results AUC_(0-240 h) of oxaprozin tested tablet and reference tablet were(2852.86?871.00)and (2992.84?854.02)?g?L~(-1)?h,C_(max) were(33.48?11.36)and (32.70?7.30)?g?L~(-1),T_(max) were(12.1?5.7)and(13.8?5.8)h,T_(1[]2ke) were(57.11?8.51)and(60.98?7.97)h,respectively.These main pharmacokinetic parameters obtained showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 products.Conclusion The method is simple and sensitive.Both preparations are bioequivalent.
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0.05).Conclusion The pharmacokinetic characteristic of sertraline in Chinese healthy volunteers(in 50~150mg process) were fitted with linear kinetic model.
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Objective:To establish a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) method for determining the concentration of amlodipine besylate in human plasma and to evaluate the bioequivalence of 2 kinds of amlodipine besylate tablets.Methods: Twenty healthy male volunteers were enrolled into a single crossover study.A single dose of the suspension equivalent to 10 mg amlodipine besylate or a reference preparation was given in a crossover way.The plasma concentrations of amlodipine besylate were determined by LC-MS method in the volunteers at different time points;the pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were calculated and the bioequivalence of the 2 preparations were evaluated.Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters for experimental and the reference preparations were: C_max(6.21?1.88) vs(6.03?1.08) ng/ml;AUC_0-120(250.68?52.61) vs(246.14?52.11) ng h/ml;T_max(6.0?2.3) vs(6.1? 2.5) h;t_1/2(40.45?6.68) vs(43.74?9.05) h,respectively.The linear range of the present method was 0.1-20.0 ng/ml;the lowest detectable concentration of amlodipine besylate was 0.1 ng/ml.There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between the 2 tablets.Conclusion: The present method is simple to use,fast,and accurate.The 2 preparations of amlodipine besylate are bioequivalent.